Virtual Police Department Case Study Essay Example for Free

Virtual Police Department Case Study Essay Presentation This paper will comprise of an outline of the Virtual Police Department, the historical backdrop of that division and where it is today. I will break down the various issues inside the division and set a productive way for the office with the goal that it might profit completely from all the assets that it has accessible. The Virtual Police Department is a medium estimated division with 155 sworn officials. The office has a long history of employing from a â€Å"good ole boy† framework. The rules for being recruited at this specific division is negligible and their turnover rate for work force is frequently and at the same time. The current division authority has been around for close to 15 years and the majority of the staff have been recruited inside the most recent 5 years. In view of the turnover rate, experience is inadequate. The entirety of the prepared officials have â€Å"phased out† and advancements were required, be that as it may, not really earned or merited. I have recognized a few regions that I would prescribe quick consideration regarding. Nonetheless, I have featured four of these with the end goal of this contextual analysis. Right off the bat, I would take a gander at the employing procedure inside this office and make some truly necessary changes. Next, I would return to the financial plan. At that point, I would rebuild the four associations into working productive gatherings. In conclusion, I would build up associations inside the network and neighboring police divisions and network offices to guarantee an affectionate, positive, upheld organize. I suggest that this office start with a change to its employing procedure. A large number of the representatives have close to a secondary school recognition. I feel there ought to be a set standard of training and experience to turn into the Chief of Police. Not simply family relations or companions. The people group of VPD are losing confidence and trust in their police division and one approach to start the change is to begin from within. When the Chief of Police is inâ office with a Bachelor or higher, at that point they may begin authorizing their own officials to in any event satisfy an associate’s degree in Criminal Justice. I comprehend that previously, searching for staff who had a Bachelor’s certificate rendered numerous from inside the division ineligible, in any case, possibly this is a starting to the change. The office needs to begin looking outside of their town for faculty to police the territory. As indicated by the division socioeconomics diagram, the office has never had the full approved individuals. From 2009-2012, the normal number of genuine sworn workers was 140. The approved number rose in 2011 to 145. The current year, there are 155 sworn officials which is 10 over approval. The historical backdrop of the creation of this police office has genuinely propagated the circumstance the VPD is confronting today. From the underlying employing in 1950, the Mayor and City Council recruited their companions as the underlying office individuals. Before all else, this had no impact on the division and it really cemented an extraordinary relationship inside the network. Be that as it may, as circumstances are different, the office itself has developed, the network has developed too, this sort of employing process has negatively affected the division, authority, and the network. The division has a noteworthy dull issue which is the steady mass recruiting and resigning of its officials. There truly isn’t an eliminate procedure set up whereby new kid on the block cops prepare and gain from the more experienced ones preceding they resign. It appears to be a typical subject inside this office is a ton of running from fire to fire. It shows up the division invests more energy playing protection instead of offense. Rather than the division dividing its staff who are seeing retirement out, they all appear to resign simultaneously. This is one more effect of the recruiting of loved ones. Despite the fact that it functioned admirably in the 1950’s, the city and its occupants are far unique in relation to they were during the 1950s. There likewise seems, by all accounts, to be a lot of objections from both inner and outer sources; just as diminishing level of wrongdoings tackled and additionally effectively arraigned. In light of these issues, I would st age the retirement and employing process. It might at first make a couple of migraines, be that as it may, I accept those will be less than the constant winding wild the division is at present confronting. I accept that if a portion of those that are near retirement were elevated to different situations inside the power, they would remain around a little longer. Eventually, there will be a decent blend of life span inside the police office. Guaranteeing that lesser officials get legitimate preparing from the more prepared officials is critical. As indicated by the wrongdoing measurements gave by the situation, there gives off an impression of being a great deal of thievery, burglary, and robbery in the Part 1 Offenses. Staff ought to be devoted to these regions to guarantee the wrongdoing is assaulted BEFORE it happens. The Broken Windows hypothesis is epic while thinking about the change of a network. Demonstrating the network that the police need to be proactive rather than receptive is positively a decent beginning. In the proactive article named â€Å"Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety,† James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling contended that policing should work more on â€Å"little problems†, for example, looking after request, offering types of assistance to those out of luck, and embracing techniques to lessen the dread of wrongdoing (1982:29). Their suppositions depended on three reasons: Areas with road individuals, youth packs, prostitution, and lushes are horror zones. Neighborhood issue makes dread. (1982:30) Another issue with the current recruiting process is there is no employing board or open declarations made. The police division likes to recruit from inside and have kept to employing loved ones to, â€Å"keep all the nuisances off the police force.† I would declare any up and coming opportunities state wide and set up a recruiting procedure dependent on capabilities. The employing would not be simultaneous with the Mayoral decisions and the police division will part from the political tie it as of now has. As the police office and the mayoral board run so firmly together, it is unimaginable for the VPD, state police, and province sheriff to speak with one another. Correspondence between police offices is essential for the VPD to endure. The procedure of socialization is by all accounts missing from the Vir tual Police Department. Despite the fact that they are close a direct result of the inward employing, it doesn't loan trustworthiness to learning the ropes by doing as much as by the standard book. As the accomplished officials eliminate, there isn't a ton left for the more youthful unpracticed officials to become familiar with the important hands on exercises with. George, C., Smith, C. (2004). With the progressions to the employing and resigning process, the spending plan clearly should be returned to. The principal thing I would do is take a gander at the normal beginning pay for the police and drop it to $32,000 $35,000 yearly. Beginning youngster cops out at $45,000 doesn’t give space for advancement with pay increment, time onâ department increments, and doesn’t empower individuals inside the office to advance their instruction or make progress toward a superior position. Pay should increment as positions and obligation increment. On the off chance that 75 of the 155 cops are inside their initial 5 years on the power, their compensation ought to be $35,000 yearly. The financial plan would should be met to take care of the expense of each cop with a cushion of 15% for after some time. On the off chance that the beginning pay for the VPD power was $32,000, the aggregate for the new kid on the block officials would be $2,400,000 yearly. That would be an investment funds of $975,000 per year. Police offices ought to have a program and advancement rate for their officials to endeavor toward. As indicated by George Cole and Christopher Smith, â€Å"The normal beginning compensation in 2001 was more than $32,000†. (2004:173). Boost in compensation should accompany duty and occupation information and time on the power. I additionally think the police division needs to look at the compensation of their officials and administrators to other neighboring offices and base the beginning compensation on those. A critical angle has been neglected inside this office because of spending cuts. Preparing has clearly endured extraordinarily. I don't accept that preparation ought to ever be imperiled for sparing a couple of pennies. Train the mentor programs are an extraordinary method to expand preparing the least expensive way. Sending a couple of people to get preparing that will affirm them to direct the preparation inside their area of expertise is gold. When the compatibility is set up with different offices inside the region, at that point the mentor can likewise prepare those divisions. Basically, every division would send somebody to get particular preparing and offer that preparation all through the offices. Along these lines, every division will set aside cash and not need to forego the preparation. Another zone that is concerning is gun capability preparing. This is a significant error to permit officials to keep on conveying their guns when they are not qualified. On the off chance that they needed to utilize their weapon and over the span of the examination, it is resolved that they were not qualified, the repercussions would be massive, for the division, yet for different offices, the city, and the state. Likewise critical in the preparation region is ET not staying aware of law updates, changes, and ongoing court decisions. Preparing can be led at work and any extra preparing can be finished during one of the 8 hour shifts if the timetable can be made to permit a preparation day. That way, the officerâ isn’t out and about, isn’t diverted, in court, or isn’t inaccessible. On the off chance that preparation day was a â€Å"duty day†, at that point preparing can be kept up. â€

International Business Essay

Survey Questions 2.- Why is it significant for you to consider worldwide business? * Almost any enormous association you work for will have worldwide tasks or be influenced by the worldwide economy. * You go into business, you may wind up utilizing remote made materials or gear, contending with outside, and maybe in any event, selling in outside business sectors. * Keep pace with your future rivals. 5.- What is portfolio venture? * Foreign portfolio ventures (FPI) are acquisition of remote money related resources (stocks, securities, and authentications of store) for a reason other than control. A case of portfolio venture is the acquisition of 1,000 portions of Sony’s regular stock by a Danish benefits support. 6.- What are the essential purposes behind the ongoing development of universal business movement? * There are two wide reasons: vital objectives, which spur globalization, and ecological changes, which encourage it. Inquiries for Discussion 5.- What are a portion of the distinctions in aptitudes that may exist between directors in a residential firm and those in a worldwide firm? Local firm; * Local specialists. * Legal framework. * Local flexibly. Global firm; * Languages. * Currency * Cultures and new markets. Part # 02 Audit Questions 2.- How do contrasts in pay levels and pay dispersion among nations influence worldwide business? The most significant snippet of data required by global agents about a nation is its salary level since it gives pieces of information to the buying intensity of inhabitants. One significant wellspring of pay insights is the World Bank, which separates the world’s nations into high-pay, center salary, low-pay classes. 4.- What is keiretsu? * Japanese industry is constrained by huge groups of interrelated organizations, that is regularly fixated on a significant Japanese bank. The bank assumes essential liability for meeting the keiretsu’s financing needs. Individuals are likewise shielded from unfriendly takeovers by a detailed arrangement of cross-responsibility for in which keiretsu individuals own offers in one another’s organizations. 8.- How did import replacement arrangements influence the economies of Brazil and Argentina? * The organizations must address greater expenses for locally created contributions than do their remote rivals. The legislature must finance these organizations and regularly nationalize them to protect urban occupations. The significant expenses of doing this are given to citizens and to customers through more significant expenses, yet after some time the administration runs a spending shortfall. The outcome is expansion and decimation of white collar class investment funds. The mainland is still tormented, in any case, by a failure to make approaches that connect the gap between the rich and poor people. The absence of monetary and social portability has caught age of South Americans in destitution and gives up and made political precariousness in a large number of their nations. Inquiries for Discussion 3.- Ethnic ties, old frontier collusions, and shared dialects seem to influence worldwide exchange. For what reason may this be so? Assuming valid, how does this influence worldwide business’ methodologies with respect to which markets to enter? * It’s simpler to work with individuals who have same culture, religion, language, and is better for organizations to get into these business sectors first. Section # 03 Survey Questions 1.- Describe the four distinct sorts of legitimate frameworks with which global business must arrangement. * Common law: depends on the aggregate astuteness of judges’ choices on singular cases through history. These cases make lawful points of reference, which different appointed authorities use to choose comparative cases. * Civil Law: depends on a codification, or nitty gritty posting, of what is and isn't reasonable. * Religious Law: depends on the authoritatively settled principles administering the confidence and practice of a specific religion. * Bureaucratic Law: the lawful framework is socialist and in tyrannies is regularly depicted as bureaucratic law. 9.- What is the effect of varying bookkeeping measures on the global capital market? * Comparing the money related reports of firms from various nations is exceedingly perplexing, making it increasingly hard for worldwide financial specialists to evaluate the presentation of the world’s business. 10.- What is political hazard? What structures would it be able to take? * Political dangers are numerous adjustments in the world of politics that numerous unfavorably influence the estimation of a firm’s business exercises. * Forms: * Ownership chance, in which the property of a firm is compromised through seizure or confiscation. * Operating danger, in which the progressing activities of a firm as well as the wellbeing of its representatives are compromised through changes parents in law, ecological gauges, charge codes, fear based oppression, equipped revolt, etc. * Transfer hazard, in which the administration meddles with a firm’s capacity to move assets into and out of the nation. Inquiries for Discussion 2.- What is the effect of overwhelming implementation of licensed innovation rights on the world economy? Who additions and who loses structure severe authorization of these laws? * The effect enthusiastic authorization of licensed innovation rights on the world economy will be very advantages for improvement nations yet for poor nations it will be a major monetary issue since they have a propensity to live with theft items, and the natural economy can’t pay for medium cost items like dvd, books, music, and so on * The genuine writers distributing organizations will pick up and mafias of robbery will lose in light of the fact that they live of that sort of work.

10 Easy Techniques To Improve Your Blogs Traffic Online

10 Easy Techniques To Improve Your Blog’s Traffic Online Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now! 10 Easy Techniques To Improve Your Blog’s Traffic And Exposure Online Updated On 01/12/2017 Author : Deepak Eapen Topic : Blogging Short URL : https://hbb.me/2j4rQM4 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog Did you know that there are certain easy ways to improve your blogs traffic and popularity on the internet? But unfortunately many bloggers overlook these points and leave money on the table. Though these points are absolutely rudimentary in nature they are highly powerful techniques to improve your blog’s traffic and revenue in the long run. 1. Display RSS Subscription Button Placing an attractive and easy to spot RSS (Really Simple Syndication) subscription button on your blog is the first thing that you must do as a blogger. It must be placed on the top right corner of your blog as well as after each post, if possible. If your reader finds your blog interesting and useful he will most likely subscribe to your RSS feed. Once he is subscribed, he might become a repeating visitor to your blog when you publish new posts. If you provide useful content to him, he might even go that extra mile and share your blog posts on Social Media networks like Facebook and Twitter. To retain your RSS subscribers, it is very important to post informative and helpful posts on a regular basis, once in two days or at least once in week. RSS is the simplest and easiest way to reach out to your readers. 2. Display Email Subscription Button or Link Apart from the RSS button, you must also provide an email subscription option for your readers to subscribe to your posts, because some readers might not know what an RSS feed is or how to use it, so it is a good idea to provide an email subscription option via a button or a link. The email subscription button also must be easy to find and placed on the top right corner of your blog as well as after each post. Once your reader subscribes to your posts via email, he/she will receive it directly in their inbox once you publish a new post. If you want to track and analyze your RSS and Email subscribers Google’s Feedburner service is the best. 3. Display Social Media Subscriptions Buttons You must also provide the buttons or links for your readers to subscribe to your social media accounts like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, MySpace etc which can double or triple your blogs traffic and exposure. It is better to use an all in one subscription widget instead of placing individual links and buttons for each service separately. It will be both easier for your reader as well as make your blog look more professional and clean. 4. Create Facebook Page and Google Plus Page Having your blog’s Facebook page is a great way to drive in extra targeted traffic to your blog. You can easily embed the page widget on to your blog to promote it. If your visitors find your blog interesting they will definitely click on the “Like” button and become a fan of your page. In order to retain and grow your Facebook fans you must engage them by posting interesting and relevant stuff regularly on to your page so that they will read it and share it with their friends and their friends to their friends which ultimately brings in viral traffic to your page and blog, as well as more fans on the way. Google Plus might not get anywhere near to Facebook in terms of popularity, but it is surely picking up momentum, so why wait? Join the Google Plus band wagon and get benefited from it by creating your Google Plus business page for your blog for extra traffic and exposure. 5. Incorporate Social Sharing Buttons with Analytics You must incorporate an easy to use social sharing service for your posts that also provides analytical data for you. So if your readers find them helpful and want to share it with their friends they can easily do it without any hassle. You can place the social sharing buttons either before or after the post, but the best place is after the post. .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button .postImageUrl , .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { min-height: 86px; position: relative; } .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button:hover , .IRPP_button:visited , .IRPP_button:active { border:0!important; } .IRPP_button { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #3498DB; } .IRPP_button:active , .IRPP_button:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .IRPP_button .postImageUrl { background-position: center; background-size: cover; float: right; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 30%; } .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { float: left; width: 70%; padding:0; margin:0; } .IRPP_button .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: .125em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .IRPP_button .postTitle { color: #ECF0F1; font-size: 16px; fon t-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button .ctaButton { background: #ECF0F1; color: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; margin: 18px 14px 18px 14px; moz-border-radius: 3px; padding: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; webkit-border-radius: 3px; width: 80px; position: absolute; } .IRPP_button:hover .ctaButton { background: #e6e6e6; } .IRPP_button .centered-text { display: table; height: 86px; padding:0; margin:0; padding-left: 108px!important; top: 0; } .IRPP_button .IRPP_button-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button:after { content: "; display: block; clear: both; } READHow to Search Google Plus Posts?The analytics data is important because it will tell you the number of shares of each post on various networks, it’s viral lift, geography of audience and a host of other analytical details that will help you improve your blog in the future. Addthis is a good service that provides you with neat and easy social buttons along with the analytics feature. If you have a WordPress blog then you can use their plugin or else you can use their embed code on your website. 6. Display Related Posts It’s a good blogging practice to display the related posts after each post. This has it’s SEO benefit as it helps in improving the user engagement by giving him/her a reason to spend more time on your blog reading the related posts. The related posts are either pulled out based on the Categories or with the help of tags that you provide for each post, so it is vitally important to categorize your post as well to tag them with the most relevant keywords. Check 5 Ways To Show Related Posts On Your Blog. 7. Display Categories Every WordPress theme has a Category widget that you can use on your blog’s sidebar. If you are using a Blogger blog you must add a label (same as category) to each post and then add the Label widget to your blog to display all the posts under different labels. Displaying the categories widget is also a good SEO   practice and blogging practice which allows the users to find all the posts under a given category. 8. Displaying Calendar and Archive Displaying the Calendar and/or Archive widget is another blogging best practice which also has it’s SEO benefit as your visitor can filter out posts from a particular date, month or year. 9. Add a Post Footer Having a post footer space will not only allow you to acknowledge your readers but also gives you an opportunity to solicit them to subscribe or share your post. You can utilize this space for advertising by placing your affiliate or AdSense ads. In short, it is up to you how you use the post footer space which can be easily customized as per your creativity and needs. Post footers are pretty easy to incorporate as plug-in if you are on WordPress or Blogger platforms and can greatly improve your blog’s user experience, ad revenue and subscriptions. 10. Provide an option to convert your Post to a PDF File Some of your visitors might want to take a print of your blog posts or download it as a PDF file for future reference, so it is a good idea to give that option on every post. This can be achieved by coding or by just installing the relevant plugin. Summary The bottom line is that you must not under estimate any simple feature of your blogging platform, because you never know it’s potential unless you start using it. So make the maximum out of every basic feature of your blog to improve your subscribers, traffic and revenue. You may also check out my earlier post â€" 19 Free Interesting WordPress Plugins You Can Try for finding the appropriate WordPress plug-ins relevant to the techniques discussed in this post as well as other interesting ones for enhancing your WordPress blog as a whole. Thank you for stopping by and reading my post! Happy Blogging! This article is written by Deepak Eapen. He has been into Internet Marketing/blogging/SEO for the past 2 years and owns multiple blogs and websites in different niches.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of International Trade

When we look around our homes we tend to forget that the items we have purchased often are items we as a country have received from other countries. We forget that the clothes we are wearing may have come from China or the TV we are watching our favorite shows on came from Japan. International trade has advantages and disadvantages for everyone involved. It wasn’t that long ago that the items we owned only came from within our own country. So why is it that international trade exists and what advantages does this bring to a developed country and what advantages does this bring to a developing country? International trade also has its downfalls. In the following assessment I will look at both the advantages and disadvantages of international trade and how we, as a developed country, are using trade to help developing countries become less dependent on aid to fund development projects in utilizing programs such as Aid for Trade. When one country is more efficient at produ cing products in a certain industry than another country, it is to their advantage to use international trade. This can raise their standard of living, resulting in more dependable incomes from selling their goods to wealthier countries. In absolute advantage, the country has the advantage of producing goods with the smallest amount of inputs compared to other countries. In these cases the countries should produce goods with the lowest cost of production. However, there are some countriesShow MoreRelatedAdvantages Disadvantages of International Trade869 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 1: International Interdependence 1.4 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE Pg 22-27 Advantages of International Trade The fundamental reason for international trade is to sell something that we don’t need and to buy something we do need. Trade creates jobs, attracts investments, attracts new technology and materials, and offers Canadians a wider choice in products and services. People spend, save, or pay taxes with the money they earn in their jobs. The governmentRead MoreEssay about Advantages and Disadvantages of Free International Trade1283 Words   |  6 Pages1a) Advantages of free international trade 1. Increasing the production. Countries are enabled by free international trade to specialise or to focus in the production of the goods in which they have a comparative advantage. Specialisation countries can take the benefit of efficiencies generated from increased output and economies of trade. 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One of the major disadvantages to internationalRead MoreDisadvantages Of International Trade801 Words   |  4 PagesInternational trade is defined as â€Å"the exchange of goods, services and capital across national borders, between two or more countries.† International trade is an important part of the economy because it allows every country to specialize in whatever they are the best at, evaluated using comparative advantage. The country with a comparative advantage in making a good or service should specialize in making that good or service. International trade has changed drastically over the past one hundred yearsRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesof Economies and Societies Around the World, 2005). The third and final definition is from Thomas Friedman who wrote The Lexus and the Olive Tree. ?Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarching international system shaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such? (Friedman, 2004). Now that we know what globalization is, we can know try to track it and better understand it and its

Essay on The Beginning of Hip Hop Culture and B-Boy Battling

Music screeching through the room, crowds going wild, and anticipation growing inside while holding a b-boy stance in the South Bronx. A young boy holds his ground as his peers dance to the music, but as the break segment of the song awakens, the young boy rushes to the middle of the dance floor. As few people know, this is established the start of a worldwide phenomenon and lifestyle. Hip hop is a misunderstood culture that has been driven out from its roots by media and the new generation. Society knows little behind the birth of hip hop, but as for the dance portion of hip hop, b-boying is the true art form. Clive Kool Herc Campbell, an African American DJ known to hip hop pioneers as the father of hip hop, gave the name b-boy to†¦show more content†¦Stretching is vital for a b boy or a b girl as well, and even for the simplest moves, not stretching could cause you to injure a party of your body. It also gives more of the opportunity to create something new and original. Training is essential to perfect moves and to create something your own, even if all that training makes you feel that it can only workout the body. Listening to music trains the mind much more than providing a clean set or combination. Mood and attitude affect the way a dancer dances, and since hip hop is so raw and clean, b boys and b girls train in a matter to be raw and clean versus being so plain with their ideas. The mind works just as hard as the body to create what to do in a split second. Endurance is surely there, especially in the moment of a battle. The competitive nature of hip hop can be somewhat violent at times, but only because it reflects what street dancers go through and do everyday just to be on top of the cliff. â€Å"A battle can get mean; you can get your opponent so humiliating that they will want to fight you† (Swift, Ken. The Vibe History of Hip Hop 55). To any b boy the battle is the very test in your abilities as a dancer. 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Collaborative Nursing Practice - 1354 Words

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Greek mythology allusions Essay Example For Students

Greek mythology allusions Essay On the other hand, Death in Venice is also very heavy in symbolism. The color red runs through the center of this novel, signifying the color of love and passion, as well as the color of anger and the Devil. The color red is first shown when von Aschenbach encounters the red- haired stranger in the cemetery, with red-lashed eyes. This man is what inspires von Aschenbach to travel to Venice, and this strange man connects to the other strange men whom von Aschenbach meets throughout the journey the old man on the boat to Venice who dresses up young with red rouge, the gondolier with reddish eyebrows and the clown with reddish eyebrows all four wearing a sort of headgear and possess naked Adam apples, disappears suddenly and curls their lips back to bare gums. It seems that the similarities of these peculiar men are not so coincidental, but rather, destiny as they foreshadow the events that leads to von Aschenbachs death as well as the inevitability of his death. The first man leads von Aschenbach to a vacation to Venice, where after encountering him von Aschenbach sees the vision of a rainforest and decides to go to Venice. The rainforest can rather be paralleled to Ganges Delta, a tropical rainforest where cholera originated and this is significant because the vision can be an omen to von Aschenbachs death from the tropical disease. The second man foreshadows what von Aschenbach will come to be after falling in love, where he dresses up himself, dye his hair and use rouge to make himself look younger to Tadzio. The third man foreshadows von Aschenbachs death upon entering Venice, as upon boarding the gondola, von Aschenbach feels like entering a peculiarly black coffin recalls death, a dismal burial and a final silent voyage. Von Aschenach is also unable to control where the gondolier takes him, like how his passion towards Tadzio is uncontrollable and death comes uncontrollably. The forth man foreshadows von Aschenbachs death due to cholera, where he smells of carbolic acid, the disinfectant to prevent against cholera. He also has the closest physical contact to von Aschenbach, signifying that death is coming close. The color red is also prominent when von Aschenbach first consumes large, fully ripened strawberries when seeing Yashu kissing Tadzio, which symbolizes his anger and jealousy; and then von Aschenbach drinks a ruby red pomegranate juice when he meets the clown; lastly he consumes overriped strawberries bought from the infected streets of Venice, where he contracts cholera and dies. This has sufficiently showed that the color red is all along foreshadowing his death in Venice and his cause of death. Besides, the fact that Mann chooses Venice as the setting is significant because we can compare Venice to von Aschenbach, because Venice is hiding the disease infecting the city and corrupting it in within, to trap tourists; just as von Aschenbach is convincing himself that his passion towards the young boy is nothing wrong to do. Allusions from Greek mythology are also important in showing von Aschenbachs affection towards Tadzio. The fact that Greek mythology has a part in von Aschenbachs thoughts shows his intellectuality and demonstrates his huge effort to explain and justify the attraction he has towards a young boy, at the same time he creates excuses to remain passionate and obsessed. Von Aschenbach compares himself to Socrates and Tadzio to Phaedrus, where in Platos theory that both of them has a conversation about love and comes with a conclusion that pure love can only exist between males, and better, a man and boy. .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .postImageUrl , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:hover , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:visited , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:active { border:0!important; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:active , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Greek And Roman Architecture Essay PaperThis allusion contributes to von Aschenbachs decision that his obsession is normal or rather noble, thus enabling him to continue to degrade into the pool of passion and obsession. It is also ironic that von Aschenbach compares Tadzios smile to the smile of Narcissus, because Greek myth states that Narcissus refuses all love offers, which shows that von Aschenbach knows that Tadzio might not return to his love offer and yet, at different parts of the story it seems that Tadzio is constantly beckoning and looking von Aschenbach into his eyes. Manns writing is also based on the philosophy of Nietzche on Apollo and Dionysus where men can either be in one side; and von Aschenbach has fully represented the shift from Apollonian to Dionysian. Apollo is the god of reason and intellect; whereas Dionysus is the god of passion and unreason and thus, portrays von Aschenbachs transition from a stiff, scheduled, ordered man into a man of uncontrollable emotions and obsession. This, also supports Manns theory that he wishes to express from this story the ability of passion in degrading a persons intellectuality. Death in Venice effectively portrays the process of a man losing his self conscious and common sense to degrade into a state of passion and obsession, through the authors use of effective literary devices and Greek mythology allusions. The readers can easily understand the authors theory that he wants to express, and the story line is very fixed and expected (since the title has already concluded the ending) and there is no possible way how this story can end due to the frequent foreshadowings and symbolisms, thus making it a very interesting book to read.

Shoes with Soul Two Friends Realize a Dream Essay Example

Shoes with Soul: Two Friends Realize a Dream Essay Shoes With Soul: Two Friends Realize a Dream 1. Renee Albertelli and Richard Rodriguez had certain things about their personality characteristics that helped them navigate the struggles of starting any kind of business. One of these characteristics they demonstrated is something every owner needs in order to run any type of business, which is having passion, enthusiasm, and determination, with these characteristics are needed to launch their new business. The excessive interest and energy they had to start this business never failed them; it was the most essential fuel for their vision on how they want to fully build their business. Albertelli’s characteristics portrayed how unselfish she is because of her current job, it allowed her to travel to different parts of the world and opened her eyes and made her aware and realize how many people from these different parts of the world earned their money. Also, both Albertelli and Rodriguez were both risk takers, they enjoyed seeing the options that potentially fail, but keep it at something positive, aside from being risky, they were committed because they both cashed in their retirement plans in order to fund the production of the products they want to sell. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Shoes with Soul: Two Friends Realize a Dream specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shoes with Soul: Two Friends Realize a Dream specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shoes with Soul: Two Friends Realize a Dream specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Rodriguez and Albertelli’s decision to focus their marketing efforts on the Artisans who made the shoes was a wise decision. Giving the credit to those who worked hard in creating these shoes creates a belief that would be appealing to their consumers. The belief and idea of their business becomes the trademark of the company, and they will be remembered for their honest ways of wanting others to know where their product is created. This could potentially be a huge hit to those who share the same beliefs and values in wanting to credit those who devote their lives to certain things. The women’s desire to make a living and provide for their families by preparing the leather, designing, and assembling each paid of sandals was very impressive, and without them the product could never have been made. Personally, anyone who has any share in any type of business deserves to be given credit throughout the company’s success. Because without them there would be no business to work with. I’m quite impressed with the way they took their cause and made it a business but stayed devoted to who worked hard completing it. This product could easily have the influenced consumers who share the same admiration Albertelli had and purchase the product because of the positive belief the product has. 3. The management challenges that might cause Shoes with Soul to stagger would probably be the lack of experience. Even though Albertelli and Rodriguez are indeed educated and are knowledgeable in their current arrangements of marketing and finance, they probably aren’t aware or familiar with certain tasks when it comes to being a new business entrepreneurs’. This could be a down fall because of having to seek different advice from different people who could potential help, or harm them. There is a huge possibility that they might face stiff competition from other firms that have been running in the business longer than they have. However, if this business begins to grow and develop, they will need to hire employees who will assist them in running their business because the work load may become too over bearing. Some ways to avoid these â€Å"stumbling blocks† and allow them to guide their new business to success is to develop a new distribution channel, create new products, and cost cutting measures. By doing so, this could open a new door for consumers to see the business developing and exploring to expand, yet doing it in a costly matter rather than having expensive products take control of their company. This allows the country to stick to its main morals, beliefs, and values.

Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled Essays

Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled Essays Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled Paper Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled Paper For each of the texts, analyse how links between the beginning and end helped you understand a main theme or issue. The World War One poet, Wilfred Owen, wrote two poems named ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ and ‘Disabled’. The main themes running throughout both poems are that of the pain and worthlessness of war, and the crime towards the young soldiers it was. The beginning and ending of these two poems link these ideas through the use of imagery contrast and language features. The poem ‘disabled’ begins by describing a physically and mentally destroyed soldier, clearly a result of war, welcoming darkness to come and end his misery by taking him away. The image of a â€Å"wheeled chair† implies that he is disabled and probably dependent on others. Legless, sewn short at elbow† further implies the disability of the persona. Wilfred Owen describes him as a ‘ghastly suit of grey’ painting a picture of a colourless and lifeless man, an idea that is driven home through the use of the word ghastly, which the reader may easily mistake for ‘ghostly’. â€Å"Voices of boys rang saddening† reminds him of the old times when he used to be like them, playing and enjoying himself. The language used in this description of these boys carries very positive connotations, ‘play and pleasure’, in contrast to the dull words used to describe the wounded soldier. Darkness fell too quickly for these boys who were forced to end their games and retire inside, unlike the soldier who welcomed nightfall. The two contrasting sentences are used as juxtaposition, and set up the main theme of the poem, that would be the resentment and anger Owen had towards those at home who organized the war, and the sympathy he had towards the young men who had their lives taken away from them. Throughout the poem, Wilfred Owen illustrates how injury on the football field would be met with glory and pride, knowing you had put your body on the line for your team, but injury on the battlefield was neither glorious nor fulfilling ‘one time he liked a blood smear down his leg, after matches carried shoulder high†¦Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer goal, only a solemn man who brought him fruits thanked him’. The poem then switches back to the immobilized soldier, who through the destruction of war ad become an object, unable to fend for himself, once a very capable athlete, now reduced to a wheelchair. This links in with the first idea introduced in the poem of children having their childhood and potential life stolen from them by war. The second poem, also by Wilfred Owen, is called ‘Dulce et Decorum est’. The beginning of DEDE depicts the tiredness and pain caused by war. The poem opens with a group of soldiers, ‘bent double lik e beggars under old sacks’ trudging back to camp. The men are described as ‘marching asleep’ and ‘all went lame, all blind’ to show that their senses had collapsed and they were moving like zombies, not even bothered by the ‘outstripped five-nines that dropped behind’. This introduces the theme that young men had grown tired of the war, and tells the reader of the negative effects and pain war caused its victims. This is a complete contrast to the title ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ which translates to ‘it is sweet and right’, and this may shock the reader. As the poem progresses, it focuses on a man who couldn’t fit his gas mask in time when they were attacked. The scene is compared, through use of a metaphor, to being underwater as the gas drowns its victim who was left ‘floundering’. Owen then switches style and appeals to the reader ‘if in some smothering dreams you too could pace†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This is used to make the reader think about what it would be like to actually be there in the war, which once again, is aimed to shock. The killed soldier then becomes an object ‘the wagon we flung him in’. Very negative images are then used by Owen, such as cancer and hell, to further the pain and suffering caused by war. Owen ends the poem with sarcasm and the irony of the World War One quote ‘Dulce et Decorum est, Pro Patria Mori’ ‘It is sweet and right to die for your country’. This links in with the start of the poem which is intended to shock the reader and the truth about the destruction and pain of war, compared to the lie they had been given of the glory and honour to fight and die fighting for your country. In conclusion, Wilfred Owen writes two poems to shock his readers and enlighten them about how awful war really was. Both the beginning and end of each poem are linked throughout, and therefore, they retain the same messages throughout. These messages are reinforced through strong language features, contrast and imagery which play on the reader’s emotions and allows them to fully understand the magnitude of the war.

Audit Industry Report - Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Audit Industry Report - Airlines - Essay Example As a comparison between two airlines, higher performance may just not be a measure of a better unit revenue as for many, the airliner may be facing a higher unit cost in contrast to others operating within the same industry. In parallel to all these factors, capital available for growth or horizontal and vertical integration of services is also a key factor to the industry’s long term success (Taneja, 1987). Many successful airliners may have to prefer long term gains and profits to measure their success and would plan to expand or integrate over a longer period of time. Specifically for the airline industry, growth may be accounted for in terms of the capacity for growth. Datamonitor.com (2007) reports that the United States airlines industry grew by more than 8 percent in 2006 which placed it at a combined value of more than $145 Billion. However, In order to grow, an airline and the industry itself would need more funding. The need for funding will be directly correlated to the performance of the company, as capital is generated form investors and for most equity investors, the airline may have to show growth in its equity over time. Moreover, apart the airline must also be a viable interest to the debt investors. For this to happen, and to conform with the debt investors, a more than reasonable ratio of debt-to-asset is required. Apart from the focus on these direct factors that influence investment, there are several other key factors that play a turning role in raising capital for the airline industry and more focus is placed on international expansion. To wage international expansion into the equity of an airline, a risk assessment factor has to be incorporated in the financial sheet of the airlines in such a way that it has to reflect more associated risks such as currency risks or political risks. These forms of risks are more appropriate

Financial Contracts in Islamic law compared to that of American Law Dissertation

Financial Contracts in Islamic law compared to that of American Law - Dissertation Example Financial contracts can be entered in both written and verbal formats and must be discussed and accepted during a single meeting without any noticeable interruptions including multiple negotiation sessions or changes in the meeting venue. Unlike provisions under American law, Islamic financial contracts can be accepted based on personal conduct of the parties (Hassan, 2007). Under special circumstances, non-responsiveness to a given contract proposal is taken as an acceptance. Islamic law also allows further flexibility among parties within a given meeting session whereby parties have the right to refuse a contract up to the point when either party leaves the meeting venue physically. However, variations do exist over the interpretation, implementation and recognition of this feature even within countries where Islamic finance is practiced (Vogel, 2008). Contents of the financial contracts under Islamic law are prohibited from discussing or relating with any item prohibited by the re ligion. Such substances include alcohol and tobacco besides prohibition on gambling. All applicable items that constitute the contract content must further be in the possession or ownership of either party and legally exist at the time of the initiation of the contract (Rayner, 2001). In simple words, items that will be devised in the future may not be included in an Islamic contract. Specific properties of all these items including specifications, origin and quality must be clearly states in the terms of the contract. Other than deals that involve the exchange of money, the exact price at which the goods will be delivered should be agreed upon prior to contract agreement (Hassan, 2007). Contracts based on future prices that are speculative in nature are not allowed and cannot be developed based on the advice of a third party. While there are several types of Islamic financial contract, the most common one that is used for sale and exchange of goods is known as mu’awadat. Goo ds can be sold either for money or can be exchanges as part of a barter transaction. Even exchange of money is valid under Islamic contract. Real estate or equipment can be leased to external parties by using another type of contract known as the ‘ijara’ (Vogel, 2008). The concept of Islamic contracts has been in existence for several centuries in regions like the Middle East, Asia and North Africa where Islam continues to be a major religion (Ayub, 2009). Islamic finance is considered as a tool from the almighty and is based upon relevant Islamic principles that place a high value on moral principles that is expected of all followers of the religion. Conventional American law is aimed at helping create contracts that are ‘ethical’ in nature. Islamic finance advocates a similar approach when developing contracts and related transactions. However, this feature must not lead to an assumption that Islamic contracts bear a close resemblance with Western contrac ts (Rayner, 2001). In fact, contracts agreed upon under Islamic law are rather less binding than conventional American contracts that imply all aspects covered under them. Legal advice and further scrutiny is thus necessary in the case of Islamic contracts to understand the circumstances under which a contract may not be valid. In addition, the application of Islamic contracts has not been uniform across the Islamic world. While countries like Pakistan and Iran apply Islamic law in a stringent fashion, other countries

Automobile and Business Model Essay Example for Free

Automobile and Business Model Essay ?Introduction In 2000, Inspired by car-sharing concept in Europe, Chase and Danielson started Zipcar to pursue the opportunity of car sharing in U. S. market. By mid-October of 2000, Zipcar had enlisted nearly 250 members with 19 vehicles located throughout Boston. I will evaluate this potential venture and its progress based on the framework of â€Å"OUTSIDE1†, including opportunity, uncertainty, team, strategy, investment requirement, deal and exit. Opportunity Market – The market size of this industry is estimated at 26,400 members, which is 0. 04%2 of general population3 lived in Top 20 U. S. Markets. Usage of this industry grows rapidly at 30% annually. There are two competitors in U. S. market, but they focused on the environmental impact rather than convenience and cost effectiveness. Customer – Target segment are college-educated costumers who drive less than 6,000 miles per year and live in urban area. Acceptance of this business is very high referring to Major players in Europe market, whose marketing investment in this industry is low but the growth rate is continuously high (30% annually). Uncertainties Competition – Two current competitors in U. S. market and potential competitors from car manufactures Acceptance – Customer acceptance is to be proved in Boston before the business model could be replicated to other cities Management team – Co-funder’s commitment is not very convincing and the structure of the management is poorly organized Financing – Overhead continues to grow against limited financial resources Team. There are missing pieces in its team as founders are lack of experience in operation and relationship with car manufactures As a co-founder, Danielson commits not enough as she still have full time job and focus more on family Strategy Chase keeps pushing to start business operation maintain their promise to investors although the company is not ready. This Strategy would have negative impacts in the future. Using technology platform to improve cost effectiveness and adopting word-of-mouth are consistent with its current situation. Investment Requirement. Zipcar’s cash flow requirement is very high. It spent $375,000 in first year, and need additional 1. 3 million to complete technology platform, prove the business model and better understand demand. Overhead excess the projection and continues to grow, which will further increase the requirement of cash. Deal The current investors holds plenty of convertible loan, which would have negative impacts on future share holders. Exit The options for exit are available as this industry grows rapidly. The founders are not in a very strong position to potential exit. Business Model Car sharing business provides a hassle-free â€Å"ownership† for urbanite who don’t need to own a car but need the convenience to run occasional errands4. In the model before December 1999, it’s revenue comes from $25 application fee and $300 annual subscription fee, plus $1. 5 hourly driving charge and $0. 4 driving charge per mile. However, Chase decided to change the pricing model with a lower membership fee and a tiered pricing structure, increasing hourly charge to between $4. 5 and $7 and adding a maximum daily rate. The data from actual operations in September gives me a concern as seen in Exhibit 1, that the net contribution from actual operation in September is negative because of the very low revenue, though cost is only a little bit over the estimation. Conclusion The next step for Zipcar is to adjust its pricing model to increase its revenue. Chase need to pitch investors in Springboard forum by focusing on this: Though its cash flow is negative now, Zipcar is a unique business model with cutting-edge technology and well-established customer base. Zipcar will provide a great chance for investors to be rewarded a new market with 30% annual growth. Citation: 1 This framework is developed by Professor Steven Kaplan from University of Chicago 2‘At The Wheel, Volkswagen Pioneers Car Sharing Programs,† Fastlane, October 1997 3U. S. Census, http://census. gov/population/censusdata/90den_ma. txt, December 9, 2002 4According to the case Exhibit 1 Financial Plan in May 2000 September Operation Data Total Revenue 29,616 14,645 Number of Cars 12 19 Revenue per car 2,468 771 Lease per car 367 400 Access Equip 42 42 Fuel 90 99 Insurance 142 142 Maintenance 33 33 Parking 50 63 Cost per car 723 778 Net Income per car 1,745 (7) Source: Company Data.

Three Arthurian Misfits of Gawain and the Green Knight :: Essays Papers

Three Arthurian Misfits of Gawain and the Green Knight "Hevys hys handys one heghte, and to the hevene lokes: 'Qwhythene hade Dryghttyne destaynede at his dere wille That he hade demyd me todaye to dy for yow alle.'" p. 264 Awholly determined and brave commitment, mouthed by a gracious king. The Gawain poet, however approaches Arthur much differently in his tale. In stanza five, he describes the hot-blooded nature of the king, who makes rash demands as a rule before eating. Stanza twelve shows us a king who is overwhelmed in speech by the Green Knight, and who seems to have ignored the challenger's statement of peace completely. Finally, the court is utterly ridiculed, to a point at which Arthur accepts the challenge rashly in stanza fifteen, akin to a child taking a swing at another after so much urging. The usual grace and courtesy with which King Arthur is usually endowed is clearly subverted by these stanzas in Gawain and the Green Knight, seemingly to no purpose other than comedy. Here we shall discuss the elements of the three stanzas described above, with their uncharacterisitic treatment of Arthur, and take a deeper look into their purpose within the poem. Stanza five elaborates on Arthur's desire to hear a marvelous tale before he joins in the feast. He appears to stand - "He stightles stif in stalle;" (104) he is not seated at the head of the feasting table, next to Guinevere as he should be. Instead, he is ready to listen to a tale "Of alderes, of armes, of other aventurus;" (95) or joust with a challenging knight - with the risk of losing his life. The wish of the king for deadly sport seems inappropriate in the Christmas setting of the poem, possibly even irreverent in light of the religious aspects of the holiday. Though the king's demands are childish or "child-gered" (86), he sets the scene for the appearance of the Green Knight, which effectively fulfills the request as Arthur "that aventure byholdes" (250) in stanza twelve. The impression of Arthur delivered by the poet is not a dauntless, seasoned leader, but an impatient, belligerent boy. We already know of his strange pre-dining antics, and we are also told that, "His lif liked hym lyght, he lovied the lasse | Auther too longe lye or too longe sitte," (87-88). He is too restless to stay lying or sitting for long, and thus he stands at the the end of the stanza. Three Arthurian Misfits of Gawain and the Green Knight :: Essays Papers Three Arthurian Misfits of Gawain and the Green Knight "Hevys hys handys one heghte, and to the hevene lokes: 'Qwhythene hade Dryghttyne destaynede at his dere wille That he hade demyd me todaye to dy for yow alle.'" p. 264 Awholly determined and brave commitment, mouthed by a gracious king. The Gawain poet, however approaches Arthur much differently in his tale. In stanza five, he describes the hot-blooded nature of the king, who makes rash demands as a rule before eating. Stanza twelve shows us a king who is overwhelmed in speech by the Green Knight, and who seems to have ignored the challenger's statement of peace completely. Finally, the court is utterly ridiculed, to a point at which Arthur accepts the challenge rashly in stanza fifteen, akin to a child taking a swing at another after so much urging. The usual grace and courtesy with which King Arthur is usually endowed is clearly subverted by these stanzas in Gawain and the Green Knight, seemingly to no purpose other than comedy. Here we shall discuss the elements of the three stanzas described above, with their uncharacterisitic treatment of Arthur, and take a deeper look into their purpose within the poem. Stanza five elaborates on Arthur's desire to hear a marvelous tale before he joins in the feast. He appears to stand - "He stightles stif in stalle;" (104) he is not seated at the head of the feasting table, next to Guinevere as he should be. Instead, he is ready to listen to a tale "Of alderes, of armes, of other aventurus;" (95) or joust with a challenging knight - with the risk of losing his life. The wish of the king for deadly sport seems inappropriate in the Christmas setting of the poem, possibly even irreverent in light of the religious aspects of the holiday. Though the king's demands are childish or "child-gered" (86), he sets the scene for the appearance of the Green Knight, which effectively fulfills the request as Arthur "that aventure byholdes" (250) in stanza twelve. The impression of Arthur delivered by the poet is not a dauntless, seasoned leader, but an impatient, belligerent boy. We already know of his strange pre-dining antics, and we are also told that, "His lif liked hym lyght, he lovied the lasse | Auther too longe lye or too longe sitte," (87-88). He is too restless to stay lying or sitting for long, and thus he stands at the the end of the stanza.

Drama In The National Curriculum Education Essay

The purpose of this study is to understand where Drama stands in instruction within England at present. It searches for its ‘ reference within the National Curriculum and interprets what this means for the instruction of the topic. It looks at primary and secondary schools ‘ current tendencies towards Drama as a discrete topic, and argues the benefits and disadvantages of it holding its ‘ ain topic heading within the National Curriculum. The grounds will be evaluated and a decision formulated.1. Play in the National Curriculum.The National Curriculum website provides the most up to day of the month information on how Drama is placed within the course of study. At first glimpse Drama is absent but reference of it can be located, chiefly within the topic of English. [ See Appendix One for a description of the demands and activities for Key Stages ( KS ) 1 & A ; 2. ( National Curriculum, 2011a ) ] . Whilst there are purposes and aims published for KS1 & A ; 2, at KS3 & A ; 4 there is reference of selected dramatists as topics to be studied and the outlook that at least one Shakespearian drama will be explored in deepness at each phase ( National Curriculum, 2011b & A ; degree Celsius ) . References to the usage of Drama appear under Literature [ See Appendix Two ] ( National Curriculum, 2011d ) . For England the Teachernet ( Teachernet, 2011 ) , DFES Drama Objectives ( DFES, 2011 ) and QCDA ( QCDA, 2011 ) resources have been/are being decommissioned with emended high spots looking in the National Archive. In fact most of the Government resources advocated by the Initial Teacher Education web site for English are no more ( ITE, 2011a ) . The Department of Education web site is replacing it, but the lone suited stuff found for Drama is an point for the Speaking and Listening component at KS1 & A ; 2 dated 2004 ( Department of Education, 2011 ) . In Ireland play is within the ‘arts ‘ sector, alongside ocular humanistic disciplines and music. The strand is â€Å" Drama to research feelings, cognition and thoughts, taking to understanding. † They expect that when this topic is taught right it can assist kids at a immature age to understand/relate and cover with life state of affairss that can happen ( Irish Curriculum, 2011 ) . Whilst Drama is placed steadfastly in Arts Education as a three with the ocular and aural mediums, there is small support to be found in their Curriculum Planner as good ( NCCA, 2011 ) . Compare this to 52 resources for Drama in the Scots Curriculum ( Scottish Curriculum Resources for Drama, 2011 ) . In Northern Ireland Drama is mentioned in Language & A ; Literacy and has its ain topic within The Humanistic disciplines and resources are good provided ( N. Ireland Resources, 2011 ) . At KS1 & A ; 2 the statutory topics that all students must analyze are art and design, design and engineering, English, geographics, history, information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) , mathematics, music, physical instruction and scientific discipline. Religious instruction must besides be provided at KS 1 and 2 ( National Curriculum, 2011e ) , although there is a non-statutory plan of survey. From the National Curriculum ( 2011e ) for Religious Education there are the following two points: 1 ) . Research how spiritual beliefs and thoughts can be expressed through the humanistic disciplines and pass on their responses. 2 ) . Using art and design, music, dance and play to develop their originative endowments and imaginativeness. Art and design does non advert play until KS 2 as follows from the National Curriculum ( 2011f ) : Researching a scope of get downing points for practical work [ for illustration, themselves, their experiences, images, narratives, play, music, natural and made objects and environments ] . Yet doing marionette theaters, and besides making atmosphere in sounds, illuming, backgrounds and costumes for full size dramas would do the topic more merriment whilst specifying a practical intent for the work. Drama in a similar manner should be a fertile land for scenery and particular effects within Design and Technology yet it is non mentioned at all ( National Curriculum, 2011g & A ; 2011h ) . Music and Physical Education in a similar vena have a relationship to Drama through Dance but there is no recognition for it. History could conceivably utilize period play to exemplify points and the grasp of truth in the texts and authors ‘ prejudice would so be covered in Drama. Stenhouse ( 1981, p.29 ) is against the thought that Drama is for learning other topics in the course of study and rejects the imagined worlds of Drama for the attested worlds of pure history. ICT could supply a multi-media back bead similar to that of exhibition trade bases and modern public presentations that use computerised effects and elephantine screens. When the National Curriculum was being formulated instructors were vocal in their disapproval of the many course of study topics being loaded into the National Curriculum, such that topics were curtailed following Music and Art ( Baldwin, 2011 ) . As the ( NCCCE, 1999, p.75 ) study provinces ‘ †¦ there are more than 10 topics in the universe. † It besides notes that Dance is non found with athletics, games and sports after instruction and that Drama is non merely verbal. ( NACCCE, 1999, p.76 ) points out that of all the states in the QCA/NFER INCA archive, England was alone in holding 10 distinct topics from KS 1-4. â€Å" When the National Curriculum was introduced, specialist play practicians thirstily awaited the National Curriculum for Drama. They are still waiting. â€Å" A ( Baldwin, 2011 ) .Drama as portion of English in the National Curriculum.One of the on-going arguments about the nature of English Centres around its relationship [ sic ] the originative humanistic disciplines. â€Å" Is English an Humanistic disciplines based, originative subject, or a much more functional, competence led capable? â€Å" , and â€Å" Is Drama itself an Humanistic disciplines based subject or a method of instruction, a signifier of larning? † ( ITE, 2011b ) The function of play in the course of study remains in pattern really much in uncertainty. It is believed that future employers have been unhappy with general educational criterions of school departers. A contributionary factor to this low appraisal ( for the topic ) has been the political displacement from a broad position ( of the centrality of aesthetic and artistic experience in instruction ) towards a more vocationally – orientated position in which the secondary course of study is seen instead as a feeder of commercial, industrial and post-industrial demands as they have been immerging in recent old ages. ( Morton, 1984, p.56 ) . The Arts Council England ( 2003, p.6 ) explains that all students ‘ minimal statutory entitlements for the survey of Drama are acknowledged within the National Curriculum for English. Harmonizing to Ashcroft & A ; Palacio ( 1995, p. 196 ) , â€Å" The national course of study steadfastly places play within the English sphere. † Neelands ( 2008, p.1 ) refers to the National Curriculum as the English Model where, â€Å" Drama was foremost introduced into the secondary course of study through the English course of study and timetable † . He divertingly cites the fact that Shakespeare was English to explicate how we arrived at this alone place, which has non been followed elsewhere in the universe except possibly Wales ( Welsh Curriculum KS 1 ( 2008 ) & A ; Welsh Curriculum KS 2-4 ( 2008 ) where Drama is mentioned within English and to a lesser extent Welsh. Drama as a topic in its ‘ ain right is non present in the primary course of study, but as a portion of English or R.E, or supplying other countries and cross curricular subjects. Even though Drama is absent from the course of study for primary schools, it is still present through the activities and lessons which are taught utilizing play, â€Å" †¦ many primary schools already include plaies in their course of study, without recognizing that the activities the kids are involved in are really drama. † ( Humanistic disciplines on the move, 2010 ) . For High School instructors, it can be a job for them to cognize what to anticipate of students come ining KS 3, this is because of the deficiency of continuity in Drama across all the Primary Schools, hence merely an educated conjecture can be made on the students ‘ anterior play experiences. Neelands ( 2004, p.9 ) offers 6 points of common mention which can be found in Appendix Three. Harmonizing to Neelands ( 2008, p.2 ) statistics show that, aˆÂ ¦many schools in England do offer play as a separate timetabled topic in Key Stage 3 and this makes play the lone ‘subject ‘ in the English system which is ‘unregulated ‘ in footings of a nationally agreed course of study beyond the mentions to talking and listening in the Orders for English † . So merely at KS 3 do some students get the chance to take Drama as a separate topic but it is still an unofficial 1. Whilst this offers a complete freedom in how the topic is taught and presented [ see Neelands ( 2004, p.5 ) for three different attacks at secondary degree ] , it besides means there is small in the manner of a safety cyberspace for its practicians that criterions, appraisals, guidelines and official support can supply. So it would look that Drama has become a Cinderella topic that is busy working in the shadows whilst the Ugly Sisters of English and Religious Education take all the recognition.1.2 How we got to where we are now.â€Å" Most of what immature people know of the universe, they know through representations of it. † ( Neelands, 2008, p.9 ) , proposing that schools have a moral duty to assist determine the citizenship of their stundents. â€Å" There is small clip allotted in the day-to-day modus operandi for play in early childhood instruction scenes, due to the force per unit area that many instructors feel to cover excessively many stuffs in excessively small clip. † ( Jones and Reynolds, 1992, p.7 ) . This suggests that caput instructors and instructors are forced to concentrate their concentration and resources on the topics the ‘really affair ‘ For illustration, those topics that are recorded as National statistics, demoing how many A* – Degree centigrade pupils have obtained ; in peculiar on Maths, English and Science. Drama being mentioned in the course of study saw a assorted reaction. Some celebrated the â€Å" fact † that Drama would now hold to be taught. Others were speedy to indicate out that there was a cardinal defect here. There were few trained Drama instructors left. The world has been, that barely any Drama is go oning ( in Primary ) A despite the fact that it is deemed statutory. ( Baldwin, 2011 ) . Yet Neelands ( 2008, p.1 ) states that, â€Å" In the English instruction system, all pupils in the 5-16 age scope have an entitlement to drama within the National Curriculum Orders for English. † Baldwin ( 2011 ) the president of the International Drama/Theatre & A ; Education Association provides a background to how Drama fell from grace, how a timely reaction to the stiff course of study being built capable by topic stopped it being included at the 11th hr and so, as it was no longer a topic, support for it fell off. Practitioners were left high and dry, as Drama was no longer portion of Ofsted unless a fee was paid to measure it, which in one instance ended up being marked as a ‘Satisfactory ‘ P.E. lesson. Dearing tried to soften the course of study but so came the restraints of the National Literacy Strategy which concentrated on reading and composing for the ‘Literacy Hour ‘ at the disbursal of speech production and hearing. However Winston & A ; Tandy ( 2001, p.75-86 ) in their chapter entitled ‘Drama and literacy ‘ supply some thoughts for including Drama within the hr. Then at Secondary degree we find a menu blanche where anything goes with Drama either as a separate topic taught by a Drama specializer or as a go oning add-on within English or as another entity, which possibly suits the more marked different watercourses of ability. Neelands ( 2004, p.5-6 ) noticed that the assorted beginnings of national counsel for Drama, for illustration the specific mentions to Drama in the Programs of Study for English showed a general understanding for the purposes and aims for Drama, such as: Play as personal, societal and moral instruction Drama as English Drama as a topic in its ain right. As stated earlier he cites three really different secondary schools each exemplifying one of these points as their single attack to Drama. The demands of a nationally prescribed course of study put considerable force per unit area on instructors to â€Å" suit everything in † ; each topic has it ain outlooks and makes its ain peculiar demands. Finding the clip for Drama, nevertheless extremely you and your category may value it in its ain right, can be difficult- the more so if we are traveling to give the Drama clip to develop, intensify the kids ‘s engagement and apprehension, and make a satisfactory decision. ( Winston & A ; Tandy, 2001, p.54 ) Ashcroft & A ; Palacio ( 1997, p.6 ) infer that longer functioning instructors will happen the prescribed nature of the National Curriculum and all its alterations to be a bone of contention. On the other manus – The deficiency of nucleus counsel for Drama, the parallel development of Drama within English with its development as a distinct Arts topic, together with the diverseness of theoretical accounts of course of study and appraisal to be found in schools make it a peculiarly debatable country of English learning for trainees. ( ITE, 2011c ) Particularly as: School Drama Co-ordinators disappeared about nightlong, as did LEA Drama Advisers and consultative teachers.A Drama courses became few and far between, trusting more and more on professional administrations, which were and are run voluntarily, by progressively stretched full clip instructors and lectors. ( Baldwin, 2011 ) .Chapter TWO – Arguments FOR DRAMA BEING ADESCRETE SUBJECTâ€Å" As portion of a wide and balanced course of study, play has a important part to do † ( Winston & A ; Tandy, 2001, p.73 ) . â€Å" Drama, more than any other topic in the course of study, mirrors life as it is lived and experienced † ( Winston, 2004, p.18 ) . Please see Appendix Five for some positive consequences Winston ( 2004 ) notes as being seen in kids ‘s composing due to their engagement with Drama. â€Å" At least a national understanding provides some external, comparatively nonsubjective and seeable stuffs to discourse † ( Neelands, 2004, p.6 ) . However, the absence of a nationally agreed model for Drama gives two points of concern ; The single Drama instructor has no external model to follow, therefore the success of the Drama category is wholly at the clemency of the ability or deficiency thereof of the instructor ; How Drama is perceived at the school may good be based on the caput instructors ‘ preferences and biass. To exemplify this point I found at X High School, where the writer has experienced Drama via a teaching preparation twenty-four hours arrangement, it was noticeable that Drama is thought of as a high precedence topic. This was thanks to the Head realising that in a catchment country of high poorness Drama provided involvement and look for kids that found reading and composing hard. The school used Drama besides as a selling tool to advance itself to the wider community and its governors. It held one-year Drama productions, school assemblies were punctuated with Drama in the signifier of amusing studies or more serious pieces designed to entertain and inform, it supported fund-raising activities etc. Drama here is a timetabled topic throughout all the twelvemonth groups, and is offered as an A-level topic. As Ashcroft & A ; Palacio ( 1995, p. 196 ) advocator, â€Å" Primary school students can develop through play an extended scope of linguistic communication utilizations, including the bulk of those referred to in the national course of study. † â€Å" aˆÂ ¦drama is a societal procedure of doing meaningaˆÂ ¦the model and method of play provides a alone context for developing a sense of individuality and productivity. † ( Morton, 1984, p.37 ) . â€Å" All Our Futures † had already clearly recognised the importance of Drama, both as a originative instruction and larning medium and as the most powerful pupil incentive: A † OFSTED informations on student response to larning indicates play to be at the really top in actuating acquisition † ( NACCCE, 1999, p.77 ) . Drama in instruction can assist pupils learn and understand whatever is required, in ways that are emotionally, aesthetically and cognitively connected and meaningful to kids who are natural dramatic participants. †Chapter THREE – ARGUMENTS AGAINST DRAMA BEING ADESCRETE SUBJECTâ€Å" aˆÂ ¦drama is a procedure that can non be divided into a series of distinct and accessible results in the sort of manner that course of study theoreticians have managed to make with many other topics in the course of study † ( Young, 1981, p.94 ) . Baldwin ( 2011 ) provinces: Trainees are likely to meet a diverse scope of agreements for play within schools. In the absence of national orders and a statutory capable model, schools are free to plan their ain local fluctuations of a play course of study based on the specific value given to drama in a peculiar school. Cynics were heard to mumble, that with an appraisal driven course of study emerging, procedure based play would be excessively debatable for SCAA ( as it was so ) to cover with.A Appraisal in Drama has ever been slippery as so much goes on cognitively and emotionally during the Drama procedure that is non easy or even possible to assess.A It is noted that this statement appears amongst many professionals, but no suggestions as to what standards could be used is suggested. Is this because they believe there is to be none. Baldwin, ( 2011 ) continues. â€Å" Assessment records were being revealed as lists of statements of attainment tick boxes and needed to be based on easy discernible, extrinsic results † proposing that Drama specializers were non certain they wanted such a meaningful and aesthetic art signifier measured and graded in this way.. Neelaands appears to belie his issues by saying The local course of study can be based on a extremely idiosyncratic and ideologically motivated choice. What is taught may be left to the caprice of an single instructor and may reflect personal biass and involvements instead that the comprehensiveness of deepness of survey which is a student ‘s entitlement ( Neelands, 2004, p.6 ) . Yet harmonizing to Neelands on the Initial Teacher Education web site ( ITE, 2011d ) , The non-statutory Framework play aims might usefully organize the footing of the programme of survey for play at KS3. However, these specific aims are improbable to be considered sufficient as nucleus aims for play as a discrete topic because they do non cover physical, ocular, design and proficient facets of play. This suggests that although the concerns of Patrice Baldwin are relevant, the concerns of the ITE is that without a defined construction and specific aims, the importance of Drama could be overlooked. This point of position is rejected by Way ( 1967, p.12 ) who points out, â€Å" If we make drama another topic, so we make another ‘progressive heterosexual line ‘ – in fact many consecutive lines, one for babies, one for juniors, and so on through the different age groups. † Again, because of its ‘uniqueness ‘ there is a concern over how Drama can be ‘measured ‘ i.e. marked. Way ( 1967, p.3 ) wrote, â€Å" Education is concerned with persons ; play is concerned within the individualism of persons, with the singularity of each human kernel. Indeed this is one of the grounds for its intangibleness and its immeasurability. † As Drama is non in the National Curriculum as its ain topic, it might be seen as unimportant. With the force per unit areas on schools to be ranked via conference tabular arraies on the nucleus topics of English, Maths and Science, it is possibly non surprising that schools focus on these topics to the hurt of all else. However, the topic still has its ain written scrutinies and an external tester is called in to tag public presentations. It is hence ill-defined as to the grounds behind why the topic is deemed by some to be hard to measure.Decisionâ€Å" Ultimately, play is a valuable tool, but foremost the tool itself must be fashioned. † ( Way, 1967, p.7 ) . There appears to be a divide in international pattern over whether Drama should be used across the course of study or as a topic within its ain right and/or as portion of the humanistic disciplines docket. There were those who thought that if appraisal was traveling to be the name of the game, so play could and should be made to suit, in order to guarantee its topographic point in the new curriculum.A And there were those who breathed a suspiration of alleviation that play did non suit and had been left outside the new course of study, where at least it would let a greater freedom of pattern and content, within the broader course of study ( Baldwin, 2011 ) . Therefore, unless the person schools value Drama, and promote Drama instructor preparation, the concern is that the degree of learning Drama will non be sufficient to add any value to learning within the school as a whole. Harmonizing to Ashcroft and Palacio ( 1995, p.203 ) there are two types of Drama within the National Curriculum spectrum, one being public presentation based activities, such as assemblies and school dramas, and the other being educational Drama, which involves kids in the active creative activity and geographic expedition of state of affairss based on fact or fiction. â€Å" †¦ it is regarded by many instructors as a larning method instead than a capable country because it can be employed to present many facets of the course of study really efficaciously. † ( Ashcroft and Palacio, 1995, p.204 ) . Art is utile, non because it is true but because it is genuinely enlightening. It is because play – as – art maps in this manner that a dramatic work can non be explained, paraphrased or deconstructed into essays. Like any other art signifier, play is alone and non – convertibleaˆÂ ¦ it resists crassly useful attempts to corral it into the service of geographics, history or direction preparation every bit much as it refuses to be the biddable retainer of personal, societal, or political instruction. In a secular age, the utility of play lies in its ability to joint significance in peculiar direct and accessible ways so that we, in bend, can do better sense of the universe in which we live. For these grounds, play is an indispensible portion of the humanistic disciplines course of study. ( Hornbrook, 1991, p.40-41 ) . Whilst we can non anticipate the committedness of the National Theatre at every Primary School ( Turner et al. , 2004 ) they offer a theoretical account of best pattern that can be used within the topic of Drama to truly convey out the assurance and mind of immature kids and this should be the ultimate end whether Drama is housed within English or is a topic in its ain right. Does this so mean that play is yet another topic that has to be fitted into an already overcrowded course of study? No. Drama is non another topic ; theater might be, with its land work in history and its survey of dramatists and their plants but non drama. Drama is every bit intangible as personality itself, and is concerned with developing people. Indeed, it is every bit necessary to fling educational conventions as to ignore theatre conventions ( Way, 1967, p.7 ) . The statements will ramp on but merely the will of the authorities can do a difference to the place Drama as a topic or non-subject is in. The decision drawn from all the grounds in this study is that Drama should be included as a topic in its ain right in the National Curriculum, but non as the course of study presently stands. There appears to be deficient construction and no unequivocal manner that the success of students taking Drama can be measured. To seek and ‘fit ‘ it into the current course of study could curtail its utility as a holistic well being tool for the personal growing of students. How could this be measured in academic footings? There could be students who come alive as histrions and give fantastic public presentations, but can non interpret this successfully into a written piece of work. How does one step personal growing? How can we tag a pupil who has grown in assurance, can show themselves better than before the debut of the Drama lesson, and inter acts good with other pupils in the category? Whereas before the usage of Drama they may hold been counter, covering with personal issues which had no voice except in eruptions of violent behavior. One can put trials to mensurate the cognition of the literacy greats, the hunt for significance in the plants of the dramatists but should this prevarication here or within the kingdom of English Literature, such that it can non be used as a grade of success or failure for Drama pupils. The decision gathered is that this testing should be left within the English topic, therefore leting pupils of Drama more freedom to show themselves through this fantastic medium. It has been shown that Drama is a utile tool in the apprehension of other topics, but it should foremost be enjoyed and understood in its ain right. The greatest job for Drama being included in its ain right in the National Curriculum appears to be the manner the success of topics are presently judged. There does non look to be current processs that can reasonably mensurate the true success and positive impact Drama can hold on a pupil ‘s life. For illustration with a Mathematics test there is a definite right reply with Markss available for demoing your workings out, but what is the ‘right ‘ reply in Drama? The division between the instruction professionals as to the inclusion or non of Drama in the National Curriculum can be understood after researching and look intoing this inquiry. The concerns are that the importance of Drama within the schools is presently dependant on the will of the caput instructor and the ability, passion and committedness of the Drama staff. Drama instructors ‘ sing schools who category Drama as a ‘fill-in ‘ topic and non that of import will hold experienced first manus the statement that Drama should be included. It could be really corrupting to the Drama instructor who feels that their work, nevertheless committed they are, possibly seen as unimportant. However those Drama instructors sing and basking a school that appreciates Drama and uses it throughout school life for illustration in assemblies, community assemblages and the one-year school public presentation may bask the freedom of the topic non being included in the National Curriculum, as they do non experience threatened about the cogency of their instruction accomplishments. There appears to be no straightforward decision over Drama ‘s inclusion in the National Curriculum, nevertheless it must be pointed out that other parts of the British Isles make Drama a topic in its ain right and supply first-class support for it. Possibly there are lessons to be learned from the manner they have gone about this by an exchange of thoughts on best pattern. For illustration what standards are they utilizing to mensurate Drama ‘s success as a topic ; are more or less pupils taking Drama as a topic at Secondary degree ; has its position had a positive or negative consequence on the instructors? Without cognizing the replies to these inquiries and many more besides we can non keep these states up as reflecting illustrations. There needs to be a manner of seeking to take the best from the statements for and against Drama ‘s inclusion in the National Curriculum. For illustration this research has shown that most of the Drama professionals feel that both the topic and they benefit from its inclusion to set them on a flat playing field with other topics. They believe that they may be taken more earnestly and have more support from developing being given. The concern of its inclusion appears to be that it could smother the really creativeness and freedom of look some professionals believe Drama should be. They all appear to hold that Drama can non be measured in academic footings as easy as other topics as no ‘marks ‘ are awarded for pupils personal development. Therefore after research and probe into this inquiry, the concluding decision is that Drama should be included in the National Curriculum as a distinct topic but merely after the creative activity of relevant success standards is added. Once there is an acceptable measuring expression in topographic point Drama would so profit from inclusion. As it stands at present at that place does non look to be sufficient stairss in topographic point to recognize Drama pupils ‘ success.